Brussels Sprouts Cultivation Guide

Growing Brussels sprouts requires attention to timing and conditions, as these cool-weather vegetables thrive best in specific climates. Originating from Brussels, Belgium, where they were first cultivated in the 16th century, Brussels sprouts need a long growing season and are best suited for fall or early winter harvests. These vegetables taste sweeter after being exposed to light frosts, making them a rewarding, though sometimes challenging, crop to grow.   

Brussels sprouts are a variety of wild cabbage, scientifically known as Brassica oleracea, which includes other familiar vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and kale. The sprouts themselves form as buds along the main stem of the plant.

Planting Brussels Sprouts

Successful cultivation starts with selecting a site that receives full sunlight for six to eight hours a day. Raised beds are recommended, especially during the inconsistent temperatures of spring and fall. The soil should be well-draining and moderately fertile, enhanced with aged manure or compost to improve fertility and texture.

When to Plant

Timing is crucial for Brussels sprouts. For regions with cold winters, seeds should be planted in early to mid-summer for a fall or early winter harvest. In areas with milder winters, seeds can be planted in mid- to late summer for a late winter harvest. Indoor seedlings have a better start as they are protected from the summer heat and pests, while direct-sown seeds might need an additional 20 days to mature.

Sowing Seeds

When planting, sow seeds about half an inch deep. If sowing directly outdoors, space the seeds two to three inches apart, thinning them to 12 to 24 inches apart when they reach about six inches tall. Seedlings should also be planted 12 to 24 inches apart and watered well during sowing or transplanting.

As the plants grow, maintain proper spacing by thinning young plants to 12 to 24 inches apart when they are six inches tall. Fertilize with a nitrogen-rich product after thinning and repeat every three to four weeks. Mulching keeps the soil cool and helps retain moisture, both of which are critical throughout the summer.

Pest Protection and Care

Consistent watering is crucial as irregular moisture can lead to poor sprout development. Row covers can protect young plants from pests, a common issue when sprouts are planted outdoors. Given that Brussels sprouts can reach heights of two to three feet, they may require staking for support. Removing yellowing leaves at the bottom of the plant can help focus the plant’s energy on healthy growth, and cutting off the top leaves three to four weeks before harvest can encourage faster sprout maturation.

Harvesting Brussels Sprouts

Harvesting Brussels sprouts involves picking the mature sprouts from the bottom of the stalk upwards when they are about one inch in diameter. Fresh-picked sprouts can be stored in a plastic bag in the refrigerator for up to five days, but it is important not to wash them until they are ready to be used.

With careful planning, consistent care, and a bit of patience, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of these unique and tasty sprouts.