Gaddi Dog from Himalayas Officially Recognized as an Indigenous Breed by ICAR-NBAGR

Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBAGR) has officially recognized the Gaddi dog, an indigenous breed native to the Himalayan region. This recognition is an important step towards conserving this canine breed, making it the fourth indigenous dog breed to be registered, following the Rajapalayam and Chippiparai breeds of Tamil Nadu and the Mudhol Hound of Karnataka.

The Gaddi dog, often referred to as the 'Indian Panther Hound' or 'Indian Leopard Hound,' is celebrated for its ability to fend off predators like snow leopards. This strong and loyal breed is closely associated with the Gaddi tribe of Himachal Pradesh, a semi-nomadic community that has traditionally engaged in shepherding and wool processing. Characterized by its large, arched neck, muscular body, and striking black coat with occasional white markings, the Gaddi dog symbolizes resilience and adaptability to the harsh Himalayan climate.

Despite its historical significance and unmatched guarding abilities, the Gaddi dog faces a precarious future. With a population of fewer than 1,000, this breed is at risk of extinction due to gene pool dilution and a lack of structured breeding programs. Additionally, the breed has not yet received recognition from major kennel clubs, which complicates conservation efforts even further. However, the recent acknowledgment from ICAR-NBAGR aims to address these challenges by raising awareness and promoting measures to preserve the breed’s genetic purity.

Weighing around 38.7 kg for adult males and 32.5 kg for females, Gaddi dogs are vital companions for shepherds in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. They play a crucial role in herding and protecting livestock, particularly during migratory pastoral practices. The breed's loyalty and adaptability have made it indispensable to the region's traditional way of life.

Conservation initiatives like the one led by the Directorate of Gaddi Canine Nucleus at the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, are crucial in safeguarding this indigenous breed.

By addressing the threats to their survival, these efforts aim to ensure the Gaddi dog continues to thrive as a living heritage of India’s Western Himalayas.