Effects of Drinking Coffee on an Empty Stomach

Coffee is a source of caffeine, riboflavin, magnesium, polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, and cafestol. While the human response to coffee varies from person to person, it is usually consumed to increase energy, alertness, and the ability to concentrate on work. However, excessive consumption of caffeine can lead to restlessness, increased heart rate, insomnia, and anxiety.

Regularly drinking coffee is linked with lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes as it is a rich source of antioxidants that affects the production and absorption of insulin. Some studies indicate that coffee helps protect the brain against neurodegenerative disorders and can even slow down their progression over time. Coffee also alters how much fat our body can store whilst simultaneously supporting gut health.

However, recent studies indicate that drinking coffee on an empty stomach can have negative effects on our bodies.

According to several studies, coffee has an effect on our gut as it increases the production of acid in our stomach and speeds up the colon which induces a bowel movement. It is believed that although drinking coffee on an empty stomach will not cause any harm to the stomach, it can provoke heartburn. This is because drinking coffee, especially without milk or creamer, can reduce the stomach’s pH levels.

And while our stomach can handle a slightly lower pH, our esophagus can’t because it is more vulnerable to acid. This issue is more prevalent in people who already suffer from gastric issues. People who suffer from severe gastric disturbances, such as ulcers or irritable bowel syndrome, should not drink coffee on an empty stomach as well because coffee can increase gastric secretion.

Dr. Kim Barrett, a professor at the University of California suggests that a healthy individual’s stomach can protect itself from a lower pH. A 2013 study published in the National Library of Medicine found that there was no significant association between coffee consumption and ulcer formation in the stomach or intestine. This study was conducted on 8,000 people living in Japan, many of whom consumed more than three cups of coffee per day.

Dr. Edwina Raj, Head of Clinical Nutrition & Diabetics, Aster CMI hospital recommends that "There shouldn't be a long gap between your cup of joe and your first meal too. Caffeine stays in the body and has an impact for hours." She also suggests that people with gastric issues can enjoy a cup of coffee with milk and combine it with their breakfast.

What is the best time to enjoy a cup of coffee?

Many people enjoy their cup of coffee first thing after waking up, however, recent studies show that drinking coffee soon after rising decreases its energizing effects as our cortisol levels are already at their peak level at this time. Cortisol is a hormone that regulates our blood pressure, metabolism, and immune system response. It also enhances our focus and alertness. Usually, cortisol levels are the highest 30-45 minutes after rising and they continually decline throughout the day.

Therefore, it is believed that the best time to drink coffee is mid to late morning or 4 to 5 hours after waking up. Experts suggest delaying drinking your coffee because drinking coffee when your cortisol level is at its peak can impair your immune system and cause heart problems. Since coffee promotes wakefulness, people are advised to not consume coffee close to their bedtime. Your last cup of coffee should be at least 6 to 7 hours before your regular bedtime.