Black turmeric botanically known as Curcuma caesia is a perennial herb known in the local tongue as Kali Haldi. Originating from India, the Northeast and Central regions have its habitats. Its bluish-black rhizomes are valued because they have a strong aromatic fragrance and are used for ailments such as asthma, inflammation, and skin diseases. With such high medicinal value, black turmeric is on the list of endangered species. Unlocking its potential will allow the proper agronomic technique that will give farmers financial stability and support biodiversity conservation.
Black Turmeric’s Medicinal and Traditional Importance
Black turmeric has rhizomes in plenty curcumin, antioxidants, and essential oils that are usually utilized as a natural remedy for several ailments including asthma, inflammation, and skin conditions. The powder or paste version of it acts as an antidote to bites, digestive disorders, and chronic diseases. Its incorporation into medicinal practices can also be seen among the various tribes in Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh where, upon wounds or anti-inflammation purposes, people use it.
Varieties and Regional Adaptation
Under cultivation, the cultivars IC-0644173 and IC-0644174 have shown exceptional yield potential. Black turmeric grows well in the loamy soils of Central India and the humid environment of Northeast India. Due to their ideal soil and climate, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh are important areas where this crop can flourish.
Agronomic Practices
Black turmeric grows well in warm, humid climates with temperatures ranging from 10–45°C. The crop is propagated through rhizomes and planted in raised beds during the monsoon season, preferably from April to May. Seed treatment with bio-agents prevents soil-borne diseases, while proper spacing and mulching improve growth. The crop matures in 8–9 months, with harvesting occurring from December to January. Proper post-harvest drying and storage ensure the rhizomes retain their quality and market value.
Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling
It takes about 8–9 months to mature. The crop is harvested from December to January. Rhizomes are dug carefully after watering so that the soil will not get disturbed. Thorough washing, sun drying, and grading yield good market prices. Dry rhizomes are kept in airtight containers for storage over time.
Economic Potential and Market Value
The market for black turmeric is growing fast, with an increasing demand for natural and organic products. Fresh rhizomes can yield 20–25 tons per hectare with a dry matter recovery of 10–15%. Dried black turmeric sells of a premium price of about Rs 2,500 per kilogram in the domestic as well as international markets. Its use in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics adds to its economic viability. Farmers growing black turmeric can benefit from this profitable market while conserving it.
Sustainability and Conservation
It is only through sustainable farming practices that black turmeric would grow well as an endangered species. Science-based promotion of this crop encourages farming because it ensures economic profit from farm productivity besides supporting in biodiversity conservation. The promotion of organic farming with involvement at the community level could further encourage its large-scale acceptance.
Black turmeric offers an ideal mix of cultural importance, health benefits, and economic prosperity. Being in its high medicinal properties and value in the market, it has changed the fortunes of those farming in the Indian's moist and mountainous areas by following scientific farming techniques and the development of public awareness to derive its full benefit in agriculture towards sustainability and improving the living conditions.
