Indian citriculture, known for its diverse fruits, faces challenges such as climate change and market saturation, particularly with Kinnow mandarins. The Daisy mandarin, an interspecific hybrid of Fortune Clementine and Fremont mandarin, developed by Dowlin Young in 1995, offers a promising solution. Bred to thrive in arid and semi-arid regions, the Daisy Mandarin is well-suited for parts of India like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, and Maharashtra, where water scarcity and extreme weather are common.
This variety provides farmers with an opportunity to diversify crops, increase profitability, and enhance resilience to climate stress. The Daisy mandarin is a potential game-changer in India's evolving citrus industry, ensuring sustainability and growth.
Unique Characteristics of Daisy Mandarin
Daisy mandarin has a medium growth with a dome-shaped, compact canopy and thornless branches. Its thick, slightly curved leaves are an indicator of water stress tolerance, making it ideal for water-scarce regions. This early maturing cultivar begins commercial production within five to six years, with flowering starting in February and fruit ripening by November.
The fruits are medium to large, weighing between 190–246 grams, with a glossy, thin peel and a vibrant saffron-orange hue. Each fruit contains 11–13 easy-to-separate segments, offering a delightful balance of sweetness and juiciness. With minimal seeds (6–12 per fruit) and a high juice content, Daisy fruits have excellent storage qualities, lasting 10–15 days at room temperature during winter.
Soil and Climate Suitability
Daisy mandarin thrives in sandy or sandy loam soils and has well-draining capabilities. It prefers soils with a pH below 7.5 and low salinity to prevent phytophthora infestations. This cultivar can grow in various ranges of ecological conditions but it is particularly suited to grow in arid and semi-arid regions, For premium and good quality fruit proper irrigation and protection from extreme heat in May and June is quite essential.
Planting and Orchard Management
The planting process begins with levelling the field and preparing pits of 1 cubic meter, which are left open during summer to kill pests. The pits are filled with decomposed farmyard manure and neem cake before planting one-year-old saplings. August to mid-September is the ideal planting period in arid regions. A drip system can be installed for irrigation which ensures the optimal water supply, the water frequency should be adjusted based on plant age and seasonal requirements.
Taining and pruning are quite essential in young plants as training them in a dome-shaped canopy can increase air circulation and light penetration and pruning it by removing the dead or infected plant/trees plant ensures its health to grow well.
Nutrient Management for Optimal Yield
A balanced nutrient is critical for Daisy mandarin’s growth and fruiting. Organic manure and fertilizers are applied in split doses during the dormant and growing seasons. Basal doses include sheep manure, phosphorus, and micronutrients, while nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied before flowering and during fruit development. Regular foliar sprays ensure healthy foliage and high-quality fruit.
Flowering, Harvesting, and Market Potential
Flowering begins in February and continues until mid-March, with fruits ripening within 250–275 days. The vibrant saffron-orange peel signals maturity, and fruits are carefully harvested with leaves intact for better market appeal. Each mature tree can produce 110–140 kilograms of fruit annually by the seventh year, offering a reliable income source for farmers.
Daisy mandarins can be easily sold at premium prices in November, as it is an early maturing variety so can be available in the market before any mandarins. Consumers can easily buy them for their refreshing flavor, longer shelf life, and attractive peel color.
Pest and Disease Management
Diseases like sunscald, granulation, and bacterial canker could be managed with proper orchard practices in daisy mandarin. Proper irrigation, pruning, and micronutrient applications would help with the protection of these problems. Light traps and targeted sprays for pest management in integrated practices would help keep orchards healthy and losses low.
Health Benefits of Daisy Mandarin
It is a nutritional powerhouse with various health advantages in addition to being a delicious treat. It contains an abundant amount of vitamin C which is a strong antioxidant that strengthens immunity, combats free radicals, and supports good skin. Fruits are full of flavonoids and essential oils and while flavonoids and essential oils have anti-cancer and antibacterial qualities, their high carotenoid concentration promotes eye health. It contains dietary fiber which helps with digestion, while calcium and potassium support healthy bones and heart. The juice has a high ripening index and moderate acidity, making it a refreshing choice.
Daisy Mandarin's Market Value
This variety of Mandarin has a large market potential, particularly in November when other Mandarins aren't accessible. Because of its vivid saffron-orange peel, sweetness, and extended shelf life, it is quite popular with consumers and fetches high prices. Its high yield and early maturity provide growers with a stable stream of revenue. Daisy Mandarin's economic value for growers can be increased by accessing both domestic and international markets with the right grading and packaging. In this highly competitive citrus market, its distinct qualities make it a fruit in high demand.
Daisy Mandarin represents a transformative opportunity for farmers in the Thar Desert and other arid regions. Its adaptability, high yield, and early market availability make it an ideal choice for enhancing agricultural income. By adopting Daisy, farmers can diversify their citrus portfolio, overcome market saturation challenges, and secure sustainable livelihoods in a changing climate.
