Punganur cow, native to Andhra Pradesh, is recognized as the smallest cow in the world. Measuring only 2.5 feet tall, this breed can produce up to three liters of milk daily with minimal feeding, needing just five kilograms of fodder. This unique ability to thrive on less food makes it an ideal choice for small farmers, especially in regions facing drought. However, despite its qualities, the Punganur cow has been slowly disappearing over the years.
Dr. Krishnam Raju’s Mission to Save the Punganur Cow
Recognizing the risk of extinction for this precious breed, Dr. Krishnam Raju, a Vaidya (Ayurvedic doctor) from Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, took on the challenge of preserving it. For 14 long years, he worked tirelessly to create a miniature version of the Punganur cow. Using artificial insemination and careful breeding techniques, he developed the Miniature Punganur Cow, which was officially introduced in 2019.
This miniature cow stands only two feet tall at maturity, with newborns measuring just 7 to 12 inches in height—significantly smaller than the traditional breed. Dr. Raju’s hard work ensured that this unique breed could be saved from extinction and adapted to suit modern farming needs.
Small Cow with Big Benefits
One of the key reasons the Punganur cow has gained attention is its remarkable efficiency. Even though it’s tiny, it can still produce up to three liters of milk per day. On top of that, it requires minimal food, consuming only five kilograms of fodder daily. For small farmers, especially those with limited resources, this breed provides an economically viable option.
Dr. Raju’s initiative also included distributing the miniature Punganur cows to cattle rearers across India. These cows, valued between Rs 1 lakh and Rs. 5 lakh, are now being given free of charge to help more farmers benefit from their exceptional traits.
Breed with a Rich History
The Punganur cow has been around for more than a century, with the breed’s roots tracing back 112 years. However, over time, factors like climate change, shifting agricultural practices, and improper feeding have led to a decline in the number of Punganur cows.
India once had over 300 breeds of cattle, but today only 32 remain. This sharp decline highlights the urgency of efforts like Dr. Raju’s to conserve native breeds.
Scientific Approach: How Miniature Punganur Cows Were Created
Dr. Raju’s work began with the use of semen from the smallest Punganur bulls, sourced from the Livestock Research Station in Andhra Pradesh. Through repeated attempts at artificial insemination, he selectively bred smaller and smaller cows. His determination paid off when, after 14 years, he finally succeeded in developing the Miniature Punganur Cow.
This new version of the Punganur cow is a marvel of science and dedication, combining traditional breeding methods with modern genetics to preserve a breed on the brink of extinction.
Preserving Agricultural Heritage
The story of the Punganur cow serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving native cattle breeds. As agriculture evolves, many farmers are shifting toward commercial breeds that offer high milk production. However, these breeds often require more resources, including water, fodder, and veterinary care. In contrast, native breeds like the Punganur are better adapted to local conditions and can thrive on fewer inputs.
Role of Native Breeds in Sustainable Farming
Preserving native breeds like the Punganur is crucial for maintaining biodiversity in agriculture. These animals have adapted to specific environments over centuries, making them more resilient to local climates and diseases. For farmers, this means fewer costs and a more sustainable way to raise livestock.
By saving the Punganur cow, Dr. Raju not only preserved a piece of India’s agricultural history but also provided a solution for small-scale farmers looking for sustainable and cost-effective farming methods.
Future of the Punganur Cow
Thanks to Dr. Raju’s efforts, the Punganur cow is no longer on the verge of extinction. However, continuous work is required to ensure that the breed thrives for generations to come. Government initiatives and awareness programs will play a critical role in supporting conservation efforts for native breeds like the Punganur.
